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ART OF COMPILING STATISTICS Patent 395782, by HERMAN HOLLERITH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., January 8, 1889: ART OF COMPILING STATISTICS. Original application filed September 23,1884, Serial No. 143,805. "Be it known that I, HERMAN HOLLERITH, of New York city, county, and State, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Art of Compiling Statistics; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon ... Although applicable to various kinds of statistics, I will describe my invention as applied to the compilation of the population statistics of a census." The Hollerith system won the competition for the 1890 US census. The Hollerith machines accomplished in one year what would have taken nearly ten years of hand tabulating. "The returns of a census contain the names of individuals and various data relating to such persons, as age, sex, race, nativity, nativity of father, nativity of mother, occupation, civil condition, &c. These facts or data I will for convenience call "statistical items," from which items the various statistical tables are compiled." In 1896, Herman Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company, the Company that became part of IBM in 1924.
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